Fonsecaea is one of the causative agents of the post-traumatic, chronic infection of subcutaneous tissues known as chromoblastomycosis. Chromoblastomycosis presents with papules and verrucose cauliflower-like lesions most commonly on lower extremities. Primary nasal chromoblastomycosis has also been reported. The etiologic agents of chromoblastomycosis are generally members of three genera of dematiaceous fungi that inhabit the soil: Fonsecaea, Phialophora, and Cladosporium. Fonsecaea pedrosoi is one of the major causative agents of chromoblastomycosis in humid tropical areas, specifically South America and Japan. Fonsecaea compacta, on the other hand, is a rare cause of chromoblastomycosis in tropical Central and North America. Systemic invasion following chromoblastomycosis is very rare. In addition to chromoblastomycosis, Fonsecaea may cause other human infections as well. Paranasal sinusitis, keratitis, and fatal brain abscesses following hematogenous dissemination have been reported.