LOS ANGELES, (Xinhuanet)-- Scientists at Saint Louis University School of Medicine have decoded the genomes of two strains of a fungus that can lead to brain swelling and death in those with compromised immune systems, and the results were published Thursday in the online version of the journal Science. 

    "This research will be an enormous factor in developing treatments for C. neoformans infection, which is a major problem for those with compromised immune systems," the head of research group Jennifer Lodge said. 

    "We've discovered several unique attributes that point to new ways to attack the fungus and cure infection," he added. 

    The fungus, which causes severe inflammation of the brain, is called Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans). It is estimated that about 15 percent of people with HIV will suffer at least one life-threatening infection and the figure may reach 40 percent in Africa. Those taking chemotherapy drugs, steroid treatments or drugs to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ also are susceptible to infection. 

    For instance, the C. neoformans develops a unique polysaccharide capsule that envelops the fungus and aids in biosynthesis. Because the study identified about 30 new genes thatlikely are involved in this process, scientists now could find ways to interfere with the process and stop infection. 

    Researchers also identified differences between a highly virulent strain of C. neoformans and one that does not cause severe infection. These differences may hold the key to understanding why this particular fungus is so virulent and may help to develop effective treatments.

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