T. L. Brasel, D. R. Douglas, S. C. Wilson, and D. C. Straus* Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
Received 22 March 2004/ Accepted 16 August 2004
Highly respirable particles (diameter, <1 µm) constitute the majority of particulate matter found in indoor air. It is hypothesized that these particles serve as carriers for toxic compounds, specifically the compounds produced by molds in water-damaged buildings. The presence of airborne
Stachybotrys chartarum trichothecene
mycotoxins on particles smaller than conidia (e.g., fungal fragments) was therefore investigated.
Cellulose ceiling tiles with confluent
Stachybotrys growth were placed in gas-drying containers through which filtered air was passed. Exiting particulates were collected by using a series of polycarbonate membrane filters with decreasing pore sizes. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to determine the presence of conidia on the filters. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for macrocyclic trichothecenes was used to analyze filter extracts.
Cross-reactivity to various
mycotoxins was examined to confirm the specificity. Statistically significant (
P < 0.05) ELISA binding was observed primarily for macrocyclic trichothecenes at concentrations of 50 and 5ng/ml and 500 pg/ml (58.4 to 83.5% inhibition). Of the remaining toxins tested, only verrucarol and diacetylverrucarol (nonmacrocyclic trichothecenes) demonstrated significant binding (18.2 and 51.7% inhibition, respectively) and then only at high concentrations.The results showed that extracts from conidium-free filters demonstrated statistically significant (
P < 0.05) antibody binding that increased with sampling time (38.4 to 71.9% inhibition, representing a range of 0.5 to 4.0 ng/ml).
High-performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested the presence of satratoxinH in conidium-free filter extracts. These data show that
S.chartarum trichothecene
mycotoxins can become airborne in association with intact conidia or smaller particles. These findings may have important implications for indoor air quality assessment.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Pure Air Control Services
1-800-422-7873
